These targets are not just aspirational, they are achievable, even in low- and middle-income countries.  Bhutan has already reached the targets, the first to do so in the South-East Asia region. 

Since introducing the HPV vaccine in 2011, Rwanda has reached vaccine coverage of 90%, and today announced its national goal to reach the 90-70-90 targets three years ahead of schedule, by 2027. Already, in two districts – Gicumbi and Karongi – Rwanda is meeting those goals. Nigeria, which introduced the HPV vaccine in October last year, has already vaccinated 12.3 million girls.  

We have the tools and the opportunity to eliminate cervical cancer. 

Realising that opportunity requires determined political leadership. As world leaders arrive in Rio de Janeiro today for the G20 Leaders’ Summit, we need their commitment to maximise access to the tools that can deliver it.

Since WHO issued the global call to action in 2018, more than 60 countries have introduced the HPV vaccine into their immunisation programmes, bringing the total to 144 countries that are routinely protecting girls from cervical cancer in later life. With scientific advances, we can now prevent cervical cancer with just a single dose, which 60 countries are now doing.  

The largest provider of HPV vaccines to low- and middle-income countries is Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which plans to vaccinate 120 million children between now and 2030. But this plan requires that investments in health are sustained. We are also counting on manufacturers to confirm and honour their commitments to provide HPV vaccines to low- and middle-income countries in the coming years, to avoid the supply constraints that held back progress in the past.

But we cannot rely on vaccines alone. The impact of the rapid scale-up in vaccinating girls now will not be seen for decades, when they reach the adult years when cervical cancer typically appears. To save lives now, we must match the increase  in vaccination with increases in screening and treatment. 

Decades ago, as more women gained access to pap smears in developed countries, the mortality associated with cervical cancer dropped rapidly. Today, even better tests are available. Over 60 countries now include high-performance HPV tests as part of their screening programs. Women can even collect their own samples for HPV testing, removing more barriers to life-saving services. In Australia – which is on track to become one of the first countries in the world to achieve elimination – more than a quarter of all screening tests are now done this way.

We call on leaders to move beyond ad hoc, opportunistic testing by investing in organised screening programmes that will support high coverage for the whole population. That is critical for reaching the 70% target. However, high test prices and vendor mark-ups are also still a barrier.  

Several countries are also investigating the use of artificial intelligence to enhance the accuracy of screening in resource-limited settings. When women are found with precancerous lesions, many are now treated with portable battery-powered devices, which can be operated in remote locations. 

Finally, advanced cases need to be referred for surgery, radiotherapy and palliative care. But in many cases, women with cervical cancer die simply because the treatments used in high-income countries are not available where they live. In countries where radiotherapy equipment is broken, women wait in vain as their tumours grow. No woman should have to travel abroad in search of a cure, or die waiting, when the equipment to cure her is installed in her own country.

We urge all leaders, all sectors and all communities to join us in ending cervical cancer once and for all.

• Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is Director-General of the World Health Organization

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